Sedimentary Rock

Sedimentary rocks are types of rock formed by the cementation of sediments—i. e. particles made of minerals or organic matter —that have been accumulated or deposited at Earth's surface.

Sedimentation is any process that causes these particles to settle in place.
Geological detritus originates from weathering and erosion of existing rocks, or from the solidification of molten lava blobs erupted by volcanoes.
The geological detritus is transported to the place of deposition by water, wind, ice or mass movement, which are called agents of denudation.

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Source: Wikipedia · Image: Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 3.0

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